Analysis on Evaluation and Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Port Cluster Eco-Efficiency: Case Study from the Yangtze River Delta in China

The improvement of port cluster eco-efficiency is great significance to constructing a world-class shipping hub and the high-quality development regional economy. This study adopts Super-EBM (Super-efficiency Epsilon-Based Measure) model evaluate Yangtze River Delta in China, GML (Global Malmquist-Luenberger) index, spatial hot spot analysis, gravity center migration model, Theil index are combined reveal spatial-temporal evolution. results show that average 0.686, with 55.6% ports being below average, which directly related low scale efficiency. Mainly driven by technical efficiency improvement, overall has growth rate 8.7% from 2010 2019. Moreover, considerable divergence formed cluster, always been south Jiangsu. gap widened 19.92%, within region, particularly Zhejiang, major source. To improve policymakers should strengthen technological spillover ecologically efficient clean production mechanism reform, while optimizing resource consolidation system relatively eco-efficiency.